Jenkins CI/CD实践指南

引言

Jenkins是最流行的CI/CD工具。本文介绍Jenkins的配置和Pipeline实践。

一、Jenkins安装

# 安装Java
yum install java-11-openjdk

# 安装Jenkins
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io.key
yum install jenkins

# 启动
systemctl start jenkins
systemctl enable jenkins

# 访问 http://localhost:8080

二、Pipeline基础

// Jenkinsfile
pipeline {
    agent any
    
    stages {
        stage('Checkout') {
            steps {
                git branch: 'main', url: 'https://github.com/user/repo.git'
            }
        }
        
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh 'mvn clean package'
            }
        }
        
        stage('Test') {
            steps {
                sh 'mvn test'
            }
        }
        
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                sh 'scp target/*.jar user@server:/app/'
                sh 'ssh user@server "systemctl restart myapp"'
            }
        }
    }
    
    post {
        success {
            echo 'Build succeeded!'
        }
        failure {
            echo 'Build failed!'
        }
    }
}

三、Docker集成

pipeline {
    agent any
    
    environment {
        DOCKER_REGISTRY = 'registry.example.com'
        IMAGE_NAME = 'myapp'
        IMAGE_TAG = "${BUILD_NUMBER}"
    }
    
    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                sh 'mvn clean package'
            }
        }
        
        stage('Build Docker Image') {
            steps {
                sh """
                    docker build -t ${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG} .
                    docker tag ${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG} ${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:latest
                """
            }
        }
        
        stage('Push Image') {
            steps {
                sh """
                    docker push ${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG}
                    docker push ${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:latest
                """
            }
        }
        
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                sh """
                    ssh user@server "docker pull ${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG}"
                    ssh user@server "docker stop myapp || true"
                    ssh user@server "docker rm myapp || true"
                    ssh user@server "docker run -d --name myapp -p 8080:8080 ${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG}"
                """
            }
        }
    }
}

四、多环境部署

pipeline {
    agent any
    
    parameters {
        choice(name: 'ENV', choices: ['dev', 'test', 'prod'], description: 'Environment')
    }
    
    stages {
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                script {
                    if (params.ENV == 'dev') {
                        sh 'kubectl apply -f k8s/dev/ -n dev'
                    } else if (params.ENV == 'test') {
                        sh 'kubectl apply -f k8s/test/ -n test'
                    } else if (params.ENV == 'prod') {
                        input message: 'Deploy to production?'
                        sh 'kubectl apply -f k8s/prod/ -n prod'
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

五、通知配置

post {
    success {
        emailext (
            subject: "Build Success: ${env.JOB_NAME} - ${env.BUILD_NUMBER}",
            body: "Build succeeded!",
            to: 'team@example.com'
        )
    }
    
    failure {
        emailext (
            subject: "Build Failed: ${env.JOB_NAME} - ${env.BUILD_NUMBER}",
            body: "Build failed! Check ${env.BUILD_URL}",
            to: 'team@example.com'
        )
        
        // 钉钉通知
        sh """
            curl -X POST 'https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxx' \
            -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
            -d '{
                "msgtype": "text",
                "text": {
                    "content": "Build failed: ${env.JOB_NAME}"
                }
            }'
        """
    }
}